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The energy sector in Asia Pacific region is growing at an unprecedented rate. Coal is still the most popular choice of fuel in power plants. The increasing consumption of consumer goods has given rise to the demand for petrochemical products such as Aromatics in the region.
Iron ore is usually smelted to produce pig iron (metallic iron), which is used to make steel. It is for this reason iron is perhaps one of the most important metals used in developed and developing economies.
There is also wrought iron (low in carbon) and cast iron (otherwise known as pig iron), and corrugated iron structural sheeting, a recognizable material in the buildings throughout the developing country outback. The pure iron metal is strongly magnetic, melts at 1528° C. Magnetite ore is used to remove impurities in coal washing, and its magnetic qualities enable recovery and reuse.
Coal is extracted from the ground by coal mining, either underground by shaft mining, or at ground level by open pit mining extraction.
Since 1983 the world top coal producer has been China. In 2011 China produced 3,520 million tonnes of coal – 49.5% of 7,695 million tonnes world coal production. In 2011 other large producers were United States (993 million tonnes), India (589), European Union (576) and Australia (416).
In 2010 the largest exporters were Australia with 328 million tonnes (27.1% of world coal export) and Indonesia with 316 million tonnes (26.1%),[12] while the largest importers were Japan with 207 million tonnes (17.5% of world coal import), China with 195 million tonnes (16.6%) and South Korea with 126 million tonnes (10.7%).
